Towards Achieving Cleaner Air and Improved Health: An Overview of the Current Situation, Challenges Faced, and Key Priorities

Abstract

Ambient air pollution is a critical public health challenge globally, causing approximately 5.2 million premature deaths annually. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of air quality, the barriers to accurately estimating exposure and associated health risks, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, and among vulnerable populations. It emphasizes the need for interdisciplinary research, evidence-based interventions, and robust risk communication strategies. The review also highlights the importance of monitoring and evaluating the implementation of the Global Air Quality Guidelines established by the World Health Organization (WHO).